Nitrogen Balance

normal: 0 (balanced)

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normal: 0 (balanced)

g/dL
g/d

References

  1. Michelle Carmen Paulus. The urea-to-creatinine ratio as an emerging biomarker in critical care: a scoping review and meta-analysis.. Critical care (London, England), 2025
  2. Matthew J Summers. Augmented Enteral Protein During Critical Illness: The TARGET Protein Randomized Clinical Trial.. JAMA, 2025
  3. Daisuke Suzuki. Nitrogen Requirements in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nitrogen Balance Studies.. Nutrients, 2025
  4. Alice Sabatino. ESPEN practical guideline on clinical nutrition in hospitalized patients with acute or chronic kidney disease.. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2024
  5. J. Bels. Effect of high versus standard protein provision on functional recovery in people with critical illness (PRECISe): an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial in Belgium and the Netherlands. The Lancet, 2024
  6. Z. Lee. The effects of higher versus lower protein delivery in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis. Critical Care, 2024
  7. L. Chapple. Muscle Protein Synthesis Following Protein Administration in Critical Illness.. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2022
  8. Yi-bing Zhu. Nitrogen balance and outcomes in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022
  9. Ronan Thibault. ESPEN guideline on hospital nutrition.. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021
  10. Jennifer C Lai. Malnutrition, Frailty, and Sarcopenia in Patients With Cirrhosis: 2021 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2021
  11. J Arends. Cancer cachexia in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines☆.. ESMO open, 2021
  12. Stephan C Bischoff. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition in liver disease.. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2020
  13. T Alp Ikizler. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update.. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2020
  14. Matteo Danielis. Effect of Protein-Fortified Diet on Nitrogen Balance in Critically Ill Patients: Results from the OPINiB Trial. Nutrients, 2019
  15. R. Dickerson. Nitrogen Balance and Protein Requirements for Critically Ill Older Patients. Nutrients, 2016
  16. P. Amodio. The nutritional management of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: International society for hepatic encephalopathy and nitrogen metabolism consensus. Hepatology, 2013
  17. R. Rees. Influence of energy and nitrogen contents of enteral diets on nitrogen balance: a double blind prospective controlled clinical trial.. Gut, 1989
  18. Reference - 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.005)