Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)

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References

  1. Ota Gal. Clinical Outcome Assessments for Spasticity: Review, Critique, and Recommendations.. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2025
  2. Blessen C Eapen. Stroke Rehabilitation: Synopsis of the 2024 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines.. Annals of internal medicine, 2025
  3. T. Vidmar. Reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale after stroke for 13 muscle groups.. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2023
  4. Tong Zhang. Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders: executive summary and 2019 update of clinical management of stroke rehabilitation.. Stroke and vascular neurology, 2020
  5. Ana-Belén Meseguer-Henarejos. Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2018
  6. Cinara Stein. Effects of Electrical Stimulation in Spastic Muscles After Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. Stroke, 2015
  7. A. Pandyan. A biomechanical investigation into the validity of the modified Ashworth Scale as a measure of elbow spasticity. Clinical Rehabilitation, 2003
  8. M. Blackburn. Reliability of measurements obtained with the modified Ashworth scale in the lower extremities of people with stroke.. Physical therapy, 2002
  9. A. Brashear. Inter- and intrarater reliability of the Ashworth Scale and the Disability Assessment Scale in patients with upper-limb poststroke spasticity.. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2002