K, Transtubular

normal ranges: 4.0-14.0 (varies)

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normal ranges: 4.0-14.0 (varies)

References

  1. Steven MacLennan. Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy, Flexible Ureterorenoscopy, and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Lower Pole Renal Stones.. European urology, 2025
  2. Luis Alberto Dorantes-Carrillo. Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery Versus Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Kidney Stones >1cm: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.. European urology focus, 2022
  3. V. Gauhar. Complications and outcomes of tubeless versus nephrostomy tube in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Urolithiasis, 2022
  4. Antonio A Grosso. Intraoperative and postoperative surgical complications after ureteroscopy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review.. Minerva urology and nephrology, 2021
  5. G. Zeng. Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Is a Noninferior Modality to Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for the Management of 20-40mm Renal Calculi: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.. European urology, 2020
  6. Y. Ruhayel. Tract Sizes in Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Systematic Review from the European Association of Urology Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel.. European urology, 2017
  7. James F Donaldson. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical effectiveness of shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for lower-pole renal stones.. European urology, 2015