Extra Cellular Fluid

normal: 15L for a 70kg adult

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normal: 15L for a 70kg adult

References

  1. Benjamin Lazarus. Volume Assessment in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Dialysis.. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2025
  2. Eric S Orman. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Management of Ascites, Volume Overload, and Hyponatremia in Cirrhosis: Expert Review.. Gastroenterology, 2025
  3. Marlies Ostermann. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline on fluid therapy in adult critically ill patients: Part 3-fluid removal at de-escalation phase.. Intensive care medicine, 2025
  4. José L Díaz-Gómez. Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on Adult Critical Care Ultrasonography: Focused Update 2024.. Critical care medicine, 2025
  5. Natalia I Dmitrieva. Long-term health outcomes associated with hydration status.. Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2024
  6. Constantine J Karvellas. AASLD Practice Guidance on Acute-on-chronic liver failure and the management of critically ill patients with cirrhosis.. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2023
  7. Paul A Heidenreich. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2022
  8. A. Faucon. Extracellular fluid volume is associated with incident end-stage kidney disease and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.. Kidney international, 2019
  9. Rashid Alobaidi. Association Between Fluid Balance and Outcomes in Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 2018
  10. Jonathan A Silversides. Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. Intensive care medicine, 2017
  11. A. Covic. Use of Lung Ultrasound for the Assessment of Volume Status in CKD.. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2017
  12. Carmine Zoccali. Chronic Fluid Overload and Mortality in ESRD.. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2017
  13. M. Onofriescu. Bioimpedance-guided fluid management in maintenance hemodialysis: a pilot randomized controlled trial.. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2014
  14. E. Hur. Effect of fluid management guided by bioimpedance spectroscopy on cardiovascular parameters in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2013