Cardiac Output (F)

normal ranges: 3.5-5.5 L/min

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normal ranges: 3.5-5.5 L/min

ml/L
ml/min

References

  1. Xavier Monnet. ESICM guidelines on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring 2025.. Intensive care medicine, 2025
  2. Bruno Levy. Association between mean hemodynamic variables during the first 24 h and outcomes in cardiogenic shock: identification of clinically relevant thresholds.. Critical care (London, England), 2025
  3. Vivek P Jani. Congestion and Low Cardiac Output Hemodynamic Phenotype Drives Outcomes in Overweight and Obese HFpEF.. JACC. Heart failure, 2025
  4. Luiz Campedelli. Non-arterial line cardiac output calculation misclassifies exercise pulmonary hypertension and increases risk of data loss particularly in black, Scleroderma, and Raynaud's patients during invasive exercise testing.. The European respiratory journal, 2024
  5. NA. Cardiac output-guided haemodynamic therapy for patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery: OPTIMISE II randomised clinical trial.. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2024
  6. Annemarie Thompson. 2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2024
  7. P. Martens. Hemodynamic Profiling and Prognosis in Cardiac Amyloidosis. Circulation: Heart Failure, 2023
  8. J. Grand. Serial assessments of cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen saturation in comatose patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Critical Care, 2023
  9. A. Opotowsky. Thermodilution vs Estimated Fick Cardiac Output Measurement in Clinical Practice: An Analysis of Mortality From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking (VA CART) Program and Vanderbilt University. JAMA Cardiology, 2017
  10. M. Wetterslev. Systematic review of cardiac output measurements by echocardiography vs. thermodilution: the techniques are not interchangeable. Intensive Care Medicine, 2016
  11. Rupert M Pearse. Effect of a perioperative, cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm on outcomes following major gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review.. JAMA, 2014
  12. A. Krag. Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut, 2009
  13. C. Lang. Peak Cardiac Power Output, Measured Noninvasively, Is a Powerful Predictor of Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation: Heart Failure, 2009
  14. S. G. Williams. Peak exercise cardiac power output; a direct indicator of cardiac function strongly predictive of prognosis in chronic heart failure.. European heart journal, 2001