Volume blood

reference: 4.7 L for 70 kg adult male

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reference: 4.7 L for 70 kg adult male

References

  1. Armand Mekontso Dessap. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) 2025 clinical practice guideline on fluid therapy in adult critically ill patients: part 2-the volume of resuscitation fluids.. Intensive care medicine, 2025
  2. NA. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on extrahepatic abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis and advanced chronic liver disease.. Journal of hepatology, 2025
  3. Xavier Monnet. ESICM guidelines on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring 2025.. Intensive care medicine, 2025
  4. Marlies Ostermann. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline on fluid therapy in adult critically ill patients: Part 3-fluid removal at de-escalation phase.. Intensive care medicine, 2025
  5. A. Messina. Association between perioperative fluid administration and postoperative outcomes: a 20-year systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized goal-directed trials in major visceral/noncardiac surgery. Critical Care, 2021
  6. A. Messina. Perioperative liberal versus restrictive fluid strategies and postoperative outcomes: a systematic review and metanalysis on randomised-controlled trials in major abdominal elective surgery. Critical Care, 2021
  7. A. I. Khan. The impact of fluid optimisation before induction of anaesthesia on hypotension after induction. Anaesthesia, 2020
  8. F. Althoff. Multimodal Patient Blood Management Program Based on a Three-pillar Strategy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Annals of Surgery, 2019
  9. P. Myles. Restrictive versus Liberal Fluid Therapy for Major Abdominal Surgery. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2018
  10. Christina H. Shin. Effects of Intraoperative Fluid Management on Postoperative Outcomes: A Hospital Registry Study. Annals of Surgery, 2017
  11. Geoff I Simon. Outcomes of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies in older adults from nine randomised controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. The Lancet. Haematology, 2017
  12. Florence M. Grant. Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Liberal Vs Restricted Perioperative Fluid Management in Patients Undergoing Pancreatectomy. Annals of Surgery, 2016
  13. B M Ansari. Physiological controversies and methods used to determine fluid responsiveness: a qualitative systematic review.. Anaesthesia, 2016
  14. Annemarie B Docherty. Effect of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies on outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease in a non-cardiac surgery setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2016
  15. Jean-Louis Vincent. Perioperative cardiovascular monitoring of high-risk patients: a consensus of 12.. Critical care (London, England), 2015
  16. Rupert M Pearse. Effect of a perioperative, cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm on outcomes following major gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review.. JAMA, 2014